Vinay and darbelnet biography for kids

Reformulation involves using an entirely different expression to convey the same idea. Idioms are a classic example of this, since they are often culturally and linguistically bound. So as to achieve the same meaning, the entire form the words used to create the idiom are replaced. Just make sure the idioms are actually used. Finally, we have adaptation which is best thought of as cultural substitution since it involves entirely replacing a cultural element with an equivalent in the target language.

In stark contrast to a borrowing, this is more often used with a domestication approach since the result is to remove any sense of the foreign. Sports and food are two easy to grasp examples of the use of adaptation. While there are comparable dishes elsewhere in Asia, there aren't in the UK. So, you might choose to borrow the term, offer a short description or a gloss translation.

Alternatively, you could adapt the term and replace it with as close an equivalent as we have in the UK. Their seven translation techniques give us more options and help us to think creatively when translating between languages and cultures. Please share with students and colleagues alike. Languages and the Learning Landscape This is School.

Follow on 'X'. Follow on Instagram. Follow on Facebook. Share this post. Language Unpacked. Copy link. Seven Translation Techniques That Every Student Should Know An exploration of Vinay and Darbelnet's seven translation techniques through the lens of modern methods in translation studies. Tallulah Holley. Study lib. Upload document Create flashcards.

Flashcards Collections. Documents Last activity. Add to Add to collection s Add to saved. Sager and M. In practice, they may be used either on their own or combined with one or more of the others. Direct and oblique translation Generally speaking, translators can choose from two methods of translating, namely direct, or literal translation and oblique translation.

In some translation tasks it may be possible to transpose the source language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on either i parallel categories, in which case we can speak of structural parallelism, or ii on parallel concepts, which are the result of metalinguistic parallelisms. It may, however, also happen that, because of structural or metalinguistic differences, certain stylistic effects cannot be transposed into the TL without upsetting the syntactic order, or even the lexis.

In this case it is understood that more complex methods have to be used which at first may look unusual but which nevertheless can permit translators a strict control over the reliability of their work: these procedures are called oblique translation methods. In the listing which follows, the first three procedures are direct and the others are oblique.

It would not even merit discussion in this context if translators did not occasionally need to use it in order to create a stylistic effect. For instance, in order to introduce the flavour of the source langugae SL culture into a translation, foreign terms may be used, e. Some well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon.

Translators are particularly interested in the newer borrowings, even personal ones. It must be remembered that many borrowings enter a language through translation, just like semantic borrowings or faux amis, whose pitfalls translators must carefully avoid. The decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message.

The result is either i ii a lexical caique, as in the first example, below, i. Science-fiction Compliments de la saison! Science-fiction As with borrowings, there are many fixed caiques which, after a period of time, become an integral part of the language.

Vinay and darbelnet biography for kids

These too, like borrowings, may have undergone a semantic change, turning them into faux amis. In such cases it may be preferable to create a new lexical form using Greek or Latin roots or use conversion cf. English source occupational therapy Bank for Commerce and Development the four great powers The French Premier Matrimony is a fifty—fifty association.

I left my spectacles on the table downstairs. Where are you? This train arrives at Union Station at ten. In principle, a literal translation is a unique solution which is reversible and complete in itself. It is most common when translating between two languages of the same family e. If literal translations arise between French and English, it is because common metalinguistic concepts also reveal physical coexistence, i.

They can also be justified by a certain convergence of thought and sometimes of structure, which are certainly present among the European languages cf. In the preceding methods, translation does not involve any special stylistic procedures. If this were always the case then our present study would lack justification and translation would lack an intellectual challenge since it would be reduced to an unambiguous transfer from SL to TL.

The exploration of the possibility of translating scientific texts by machine, as proposed by the many research groups in universities and industry in all major countries, is largely based on the existence of parallel passages in SL and TL texts, corresponding to parallel thought processes which, as would be expected, are particularly frequent in the documentation required in science and technology.

The suitability of such texts for automatic translation was recognised as early as by Locke and Booth. For current assessments of the scope of applications of machine translation see Hutchins and SomersSager The beautiful city of Paris at night, complete with banlieues. The most complex of Vinay and Darbelnet's translation procedures is the final one, adaptation.

Adaptation is similar to equivalence in the way that the translator seeks to render the SL into the TL whilst ensuring it is just as relevant and meaningful as the original was. Imagine the ST mentioned something that was so undeniably English that translating it into French would have absolutely no meaning, or vice-versa. At that point the translator must use adaptation.

A brilliant example of this is the term banlieuewhich can be a bit of a double-edged sword when translating into English. While the suburbs of French cities can be rich or poor, the term has been increasingly used to describe run-down areas of cities with low income housing, which is not the idea that springs to mind when the English hear the term suburbs.

In this case, a translator would be forgiven for translating banlieue as council estate UK English or even the projects US English. That's all of Vinay and Darbelnet's translation procedures. What did you think of them? Do they apply to translators now or are they an oversimplification of the work that translators do? Tell us in the comments below!

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