Trajan milenov troy biography of nancy

The Greeks invade and the Trojans retreat behind the city walls Episode 4. Achilles is refusing to fight and sends cousin Patroclus into battle wearing the hero's armour. Patroclus is slain by Hector and Achilles returns to the battle seeking vengeance. Episode 6. Achilles is killed by an arrow to the heel Reinforcements continued to come until the very end.

The Achaeans controlled only the entrance to the Dardanelles, and Troy and her allies controlled the shortest point at Abydos and Sestos and communicated with allies in Europe. Achilles and Ajax were the most active of the Achaeans, leading separate armies to raid lands of Trojan allies. According to Homer, Achilles conquered 11 cities and 12 islands.

According to Apollodorus. He took also Hypoplacian Thebes and Lyrnessus, and further Antandrusand many other cities. Kakrides comments that the list is wrong in that it extends too far into the south. Among the loot from these cities was Briseis, from Lyrnessus, who was awarded to him, and Chryseisfrom Hypoplacian Thebes, who was awarded to Agamemnon.

Patroclus sold him as a slave in Lemnos, [ 39 ] where he was bought by Eetion of Imbros and brought back to Troy. Only 12 days later Achilles slew him, after the death of Patroclus. Ajax, son of Telamon, laid waste the Thracian peninsula of which Polymestora son-in-law of Priam, was king. Polymestor surrendered Polydorusone of Priam's children, of whom he had custody.

He then attacked the town of the Phrygian king Teleutas, killed him in single combat and carried off his daughter Tecmessa. Numerous paintings on pottery have suggested a tale not mentioned in the literary traditions. At some point in the war Achilles and Ajax were playing a board game petteia. Odysseus was sent to Thrace to return with grain, but came back empty-handed.

When scorned by Palamedes, Odysseus challenged him to do better. Palamedes set out and returned with a shipload of grain. Odysseus had never forgiven Palamedes for threatening the life of his son. In revenge, Odysseus conceived a plot [ ] where an incriminating letter was forged, from Priam to Palamedes, [ ] and gold was planted in Palamedes' quarters.

The letter and gold were "discovered", and Agamemnon had Palamedes stoned to death for treason. However, Pausanias, quoting the Cypriasays that Odysseus and Diomedes drowned Palamedes, while he was fishing, and Dictys says that Odysseus and Diomedes lured Palamedes into a well, which they said contained gold, then stoned him to death. In revenge, Nauplius travelled among the Achaean kingdoms and told the wives of the kings that they were bringing Trojan concubines to dethrone them.

Many of the Greek wives were persuaded to betray their husbands, most significantly Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, who was seduced by Aegisthusson of Thyestes. Near the end of the ninth year since the landing, the Achaean army, tired from the fighting and from the lack of supplies, mutinied against their leaders and demanded to return to their homes.

According to the CypriaAchilles forced the army to stay. Chrysesa priest of Apollo and father of Chryseiscame to Agamemnon to ask for the trajan milenov troy biography of nancy of his daughter. Agamemnon refused, and insulted Chryses, who prayed to Apollo to avenge his ill-treatment. Enraged, Apollo afflicted the Achaean army with plague. Agamemnon was forced to return Chryseis to end the plague, and took Achilles' concubine Briseis as his own.

Enraged at the dishonour Agamemnon had inflicted upon him, Achilles decided he would no longer fight. He asked his mother, Thetis, to intercede with Zeus, who agreed to give the Trojans success in the absence of Achilles, the best warrior of the Achaeans. After the withdrawal of Achilles, the Achaeans were initially successful. Both armies gathered in full for the first time since the landing.

Menelaus and Paris fought a duel, which ended when Aphrodite snatched the beaten Paris from the field. With the truce broken, the armies began fighting again. Diomedes won great renown amongst the Achaeans, killing the Trojan hero Pandaros and nearly killing Aeneas, who was only saved by his mother, Aphrodite. With the assistance of Athena, Diomedes then wounded the gods Aphrodite and Ares.

During the next days, however, the Trojans drove the Achaeans back to their camp and were stopped at the Achaean wall by Poseidon. The next day, though, with Zeus' help, the Trojans broke into the Achaean camp and were on the verge of setting fire to the Achaean ships. An earlier appeal to Achilles to return was rejected, but after Hector burned Protesilaus' ship, he allowed his companion Patroclus to go into battle wearing Achilles' armour and lead his army.

Patroclus drove the Trojans all the way back to the walls of Troy, and was only prevented from storming the city by the intervention of Apollo. Patroclus was then killed by Hector, who took Achilles' armour from the body of Patroclus. Achilles, maddened with grief over the death of Patroclus, swore to kill Hector in revenge. The exact nature of Achilles' relationship to Patroclus is the subject of some debate.

He received a new set of arms, forged by the god Hephaestus, and returned to the battlefield. He slaughtered many Trojans, and nearly killed Aeneas, who was saved by Poseidon. Achilles fought with the river god Scamanderand a battle of the gods followed. The Trojan army returned to the city, except for Hector, who remained outside the walls because he was tricked by Athena.

Achilles killed Hector, and afterwards he dragged Hector's body from his chariot and refused to return the body to the Trojans for burial. The body nevertheless remained unscathed as it was preserved from all injury by Apollo and Aphrodite. The Achaeans then conducted funeral games for Patroclus. Afterwards, Priam came to Achilles' tent, guided by Hermes, and asked Achilles to return Hector's body.

The armies made a temporary truce to allow the burial of the dead. The Iliad ends with the funeral of Hector. Shortly after the burial of Hector, Penthesileaqueen of the Amazonsarrived with her warriors. She was purified from this action by Priam, [ ] and in exchange she fought for him and killed many, including Machaon [ ] according to Pausanias, Machaon was killed by Eurypylus[ ] and according to one version, Achilles himself, who was resurrected at the request of Thetis.

Thersitesa simple soldier and the ugliest Achaean, taunted Achilles over his grief [ ] and gouged out Penthesilea's eyes. While they were away, Memnon of Ethiopiason of Tithonus and Eos[ ] came with his host to help his stepbrother Priam. Zeus weighed the fate of the two heroes; the weight containing that of Memnon sank, [ ] and he was slain by Achilles.

The gods, seeing that he had killed too many of their children, decided that it was his time to die. He was killed after Paris shot a poisoned arrow that was guided by Apollo. Both versions conspicuously deny the killer any sort of valour, saying Achilles remained undefeated on the battlefield. His bones were mingled with those of Patroclus, and funeral games were held.

A great battle raged around the dead Achilles. Ajax held back the Trojans, while Odysseus carried the body away. Agamemnon, unwilling to undertake the invidious duty of deciding between the two competitors, referred the dispute to the decision of the Trojan prisoners, inquiring of them which of the two heroes had done most harm to the Trojans.

A girl said that Ajax was braver:. For Aias took up and carried out of the strife the hero, Peleus' son: this great Odysseus cared not to do. To this another replied by Athena's contrivance: Why, what is this you say? A thing against reason and untrue! Even a woman could carry a load once a man had put it on her shoulder; but she could not fight.

For she would fail with fear if she should fight. According to Pindarthe decision was made by secret ballot among the Achaeans. Driven mad with grief, Ajax desired to kill his comrades, but Athena caused him to mistake for the Achaean warriors the cattle and their herdsmen. After the tenth year, it was prophesied [ ] that Troy could not fall without Heracles' bow, which was with Philoctetes in Lemnos.

Odysseus and Diomedes [ ] retrieved Philoctetes, whose wound had healed. Deiphobus prevailed, and Helenus abandoned Troy for Mount Ida. Calchas said that Helenus knew the prophecies concerning the fall of Troy, so Odysseus waylaid Helenus. The Greeks retrieved Pelops' bones, [ ] and sent Odysseus to retrieve Neoptolemus, who was hiding from the war in King Lycomedes's court in Skyros.

Odysseus gave him his father's arms. Eurypylus killed Machaon [ ] and Peneleos, [ ] but was slain by Neoptolemus. Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus went to spy inside Troy, but was recognised by Helen. Homesick, [ ] Helen plotted with Odysseus. Later, with Helen's help, Odysseus and Diomedes stole the Palladium. The end of the war came with one final plan.

Odysseus devised a new ruse — a giant hollow wooden horsean animal that was sacred to the Trojans. It was built by Epeius and guided by Athena, [ ] from the wood of a cornel tree grove sacred to Apollo, [ ] with the inscription: "The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to Athena for their return home". The rest of the army burned the camp and sailed for Tenedos.

When the Trojans discovered that the Greeks were gone, believing the war was over, they "joyfully dragged the horse inside the city", [ ] while they debated what to do with it. Some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others thought they should burn it, while others said they ought to dedicate it to Athena. The Achaeans entered the city and killed the sleeping population.

A great massacre followed which continued into the day. Blood ran in torrents, drenched was all the earth, As Trojans and their alien helpers died. Here were men lying quelled by bitter death All up and down the city in their blood. The Trojans, fuelled with desperation, fought back fiercely, despite being disorganised and leaderless.

With the fighting at its height, some donned fallen enemies' attire and launched surprise counterattacks in the chaotic street fighting. Other defenders hurled down roof tiles and anything else heavy down on the rampaging attackers. The outlook was grim though, and eventually the remaining defenders were destroyed along with the whole city. Neoptolemus killed Priam, who had taken refuge at the altar of Zeus of the Courtyard.

Ajax the Lesser raped Cassandra on Athena's altar while she was clinging to her statue. Because of Ajax's impiety, the Acheaens, urged by Odysseus, wanted to stone him to death, but he fled to Athena's altar, and was spared. Antenorwho had given hospitality to Menelaus and Odysseus when they asked for the return of Helen, and who had advocated so, was spared, along with his family.

The Greeks then burned the city and divided the spoils. Cassandra was awarded to Agamemnon. The Achaeans [ ] threw Hector's infant son Astyanax down from the walls of Troy, [ ] either out of cruelty and hate [ ] or to end the royal line, and the possibility of a son's revenge. AethraTheseus' mother and one of Helen's handmaids, [ ] was rescued by her grandsons, Demophon and Acamas.

The gods were very angry over the destruction of their temples and other sacrilegious acts by the Achaeans, and decided that most would not return home. A storm fell on the returning fleet off Tenos island. Nauplius, in revenge for the murder of his son Palamedes, set up false lights in Cape Caphereus also known today as Cavo D'Oro, in Euboea and many were shipwrecked.

According to the OdysseyMenelaus's fleet was blown by storms to Crete and Egypt, trajan milenov troy biography of nancy they were unable to sail away because the winds were calm. Proteus also told Menelaus that he was destined for Elysium Heaven after his death. Menelaus returned to Sparta with Helen eight years after he had left Troy.

Agamemnon returned home with Cassandra to Argos. His wife Clytemnestra Helen's sister was having an affair with Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, Agamemnon's cousin who had conquered Argos before Agamemnon himself retook it. Possibly out of vengeance for the death of Iphigenia, Clytemnestra plotted with her lover to kill Agamemnon. Cassandra foresaw this murder, and warned Agamemnon, but he disregarded her.

He was killed, either at a feast or in his bath, [ ] according to different versions. Cassandra was also killed. Odysseus' ten-year journey home to Ithaca was told in Homer's Odyssey. Odysseus and his men were blown far off course to lands unknown to the Achaeans; there Odysseus had many adventures, including the famous encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemusand an audience with the seer Teiresias in Hades.

On the island of ThrinaciaOdysseus' men ate the cattle sacred to the sun-god Helios. For this sacrilege Odysseus' ships were destroyed, and all his men perished. Odysseus had not eaten the cattle, and was allowed to live; he washed ashore on the island of Ogygiaand lived there with the nymph Calypso. After seven years, the gods decided to send Odysseus home; on a small raft, he sailed to Scheriathe home of the Phaeacianswho gave him passage to Ithaca.

Once in his home land, Odysseus travelled disguised as an old beggar. He was recognised by his dog, Argoswho died in his lap. He then discovered that his wife, Penelope, had been faithful to him during the 20 years he was absent, despite the countless suitors that were eating his food and spending his property. With the help of his son Telemachus, Athena, and Eumaeusthe swineherd, he killed all of them except Medon, who had been polite to Penelope, and Phemiusa local singer who had only been forced to help the suitors against Penelope.

Penelope tested Odysseus with his unstrung recurve bow to ensure it was him, and he forgave her. The Telegony picks up where the Odyssey leaves off, beginning with the burial of the dead suitors, and continues until the death of Odysseus. Odysseus, attempting to fight off the attack, was killed by his unrecognised son. After Telegonus realised he had killed his father, he brought the body to his mother Circe, along with Telemachus and Penelope.

Circe made them immortal; then Telegonus married Penelope and Telemachus married Circe. The journey of the Trojan survivor Aeneas and his resettling of Trojan refugees in Italy are the subject of the Latin epic poem the Aeneid by Virgil. Writing during the time of AugustusVirgil has his hero give a first-person account of the fall of Troy in the second of the Aeneid ' s twelve books; the Trojan Horse, which does not appear in the Iliadbecame legendary from Virgil's account.

Aeneas leads a group of survivors away from the city, among them his son Ascanius also known as Iulushis trumpeter Misenusfather Anchisesthe healer Iapyxhis faithful sidekick Achates, and Mimas as a guide. His wife Creusa is killed during the sack of the city. Aeneas also carries the Lares and Penates of Troy, which the historical Romans claimed to preserve as guarantees of Rome's own security.

The Trojan survivors escape with a number of ships, seeking to establish a new homeland elsewhere. They land in several nearby countries that prove inhospitable, and are finally told by an oracle that they must return to the land of their forebears.

Trajan milenov troy biography of nancy

They first try to establish themselves in Crete, where Dardanus had once settled, but find it ravaged by the same plague that had driven Idomeneus away. Lengthy sieges were recorded in the era, but the strongest cities could only hold out for a few months, not 10 full years. Major excavations at the site of Troy in under the direction of German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann revealed a small citadel mound and layers of debris 25 meters deep.

Recent excavations have shown an inhabited area 10 times the size of the citadel, making Troy a significant Bronze Age city. Layer VIIa of the excavations, dated to about B. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States. Your Profile. Email Updates.