Sejarah biografi salahuddin al ayyubi biography

Zengi inflicted a crushing defeat on the invaders, forcing the Germans and the Franks to withdraw. But two events took place that delayed the task of expelling the Franks from Jerusalem. Inthe Fatimid assassins murdered Zengi himself. A man of extraordinary ability, Nuruddin organized a systematic campaign to expel the Crusaders from West Asia.

Nuruddin was a man of piety, bereft of prejudice, of noble disposition. The unsettled military conditions provided ample opportunities for capable persons and non-Turkish soldiers rose rapidly through the army. Among them were two officers, Ayyub and Shirkuh, the uncle of Salahuddin. Damascus was added in With the resources of these vast territories behind him, Nuruddin was ready to challenge the Crusaders in Palestine and fight for control of Egypt.

The key to Palestine lay in Egypt. As long as the Fatimids ruled Egypt, coordinated military action against the Crusader kingdoms was not possible. The race to Egypt was of great immediacy. Inthere were two rival viziers in Cairo. One of them invited the Franks to intervene in Egypt. The other appealed to Nuruddin. Nuruddin prompted dispatched Shirkuh to Cairo.

In both the Seljuks and the Crusaders appeared in Egypt but neither was able to establish a base. Two years later Shirkuh returned to Egypt with his nephew Salahuddin. This time he was successful in establishing his authority in the Nile Delta. Mustadi, the last Fatimid Caliphwas forced to appoint Shirkuh as his vizier. InShirkuh died and his nephew Salahuddin was appointed in his place.

Salahuddin was the man of the hour. He fought off repeated attacks by the Crusaders on Egypt, put down revolts within the army and gave Egypt respite from incessant civil war. Despite three centuries of Fatimid rule, the Egyptian population had remained Sunni, following the Sunnah schools of Fiqh. InSalahuddin abolished the Fatimid Caliphate.

The name of the Abbasid Caliph was inserted in the khutba. So peaceful was this momentous revolution that the Fatimid Caliph Mustadi did not even know of this change and quietly died a few weeks later.

Sejarah biografi salahuddin al ayyubi biography

The Fatimids, once so powerful that they controlled more than half of the Islamic world including Mecca, Madina and Jerusalem, passed into history. The Sunni vision of history, championed by the Turks, triumphed. With the disappearance of the Fatimid schism, a united orthodox Islam threw down the gauntlet to the invading Crusaders. Historians often argue whether it is man that influences history or it is his circumstance and the environment that shape the course of events.

This argument misses the point. There is an organic relationship between the actions of men and women and the circumstances under which they operate. Those who chisel out the edifice of history do so with their power, bending the flow of events to their will and leave behind a blazing trail for others to follow and sort out. But they succeed because circumstances are in their favor.

Ultimately, the outcome of historical events is a moment of Divine Grace. It is not obvious, a priori, what the outcome of a critical historical moment will be. Salahuddin, perhaps the most celebrated of Muslim soldiers after Ali ibn Abu Talib rwas a man who molded history with his iron will. His accomplishment in evicting the Crusaders from Palestine and Syria are well known.

What is less well known is his achievement in welding a monolithic Islamic body politic, free of internal fissures, which offered the Muslims, for a brief generation, the opportunity to dominate global events. It was the generation of Salahuddin that not only recaptured Jerusalem, but also laid the sejarah biografi salahuddin al ayyubi biography of an Islamic Empire in India and briefly contained the Crusader advance in Spain and North Africa.

It was only a matter of time before the weight of this power was brought on the Crusaders. The cause for hostilities was provided by one of the Latin chiefs, Renaud de Chatellon. Renaud was the king of the coastal cities in Palestine and Lebanon. Halaman Selanjutnya. Alam 1. Tag Popular. Romawi Kuno edisi khusus pablo escobar satelit bencana alam banjir korea tokoh pembunuhan abad pertengahan.

World History Encyclopedia. Mahandis Yoanata Thamrin. Salahuddeen's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of Jihad against the Christian crusaders. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions. He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works, especially on Jihad itself.

Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half of the known world. Salahuddeen also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favor by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces rather than employing new or improved military techniques.

At last inhe was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with equivalent armies to that of the Latin Crusader kingdom. On July 4,by the permission of Allah, then by using his own good military sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Salahuddeen trapped and destroyed, in one blow, an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.

So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. But Salahuddeen's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim re-conquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behavior of Salahuddeen and his troops.

His sudden success, which in saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost unconquerable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. Selain itu, Salahuddin Ayyubi juga berhasil memperluas wilayah kekuasaannya hingga mencakup Yaman, Tripoli, Suriah dan Maghrib.

Ia akhirnya juga berhasil merebut Baitul Maqdis dalam Perang Salib. Dengan dikuasainya Baitul Maqdis, maka jatuhlah sebagian besar kota-kota dan wilayah yang masih dalam penguasaan kaum salib. Salahuddin Ayyubi wafat pada 4 Maret di Damaskus, dengan mewariskan seluruh hartanya, berupa sepotong emas dan empat puluh keping perak, pada orang-orang miskin.

Di akhir hidupnya, diketahui bahwa Salahuddin Ayyubi hidup dalam keadaan miskin. Dia hanya mempunyai selembar kain kafan lusuh yang selalu dibawanya dalam setiap perjalanannya dan uang senilai 66 dirham. Penyebab kematian Salahuddin Ayyubi kala itu jadi misteri. Ia hanya dilaporkan mengalami demam. Belakangan, misteri itu terkuak.