Kublai khan biography video of albert

Initially, Kublai did not rule the area directly and instead left his Mongol agents in charge, but they imposed such high taxes that many farmers abandoned their homes to settle in areas not under Mongol rule. When Kublai found out what was occurring in his lands, he replaced his Mongol retainers and tax merchants with Chinese officials, who helped restore the economy.

By the late s, those who had fled were returning and the region became stable. By the early s, Kublai had amassed numerous advisors from a range of philosophies and ethnic groups, including Turkish officials, Nestorian Christian Shiban, Mongol military men and Central Asian Muslims. He relied heavily on Chinese advisors, and in had learned about Chinese Buddhism from the monk Hai-yun, who would become a close friend of his.

Ogodei Khan died in He sent their brother Hulegu west to pacify the Islamic states and lands and focused his attention on conquering Southern China. Kublai spent more than a year preparing for his first military campaign, which lasted three years, and by the end of he had conquered Yunnan. His new northern capital would later be named Shang-tu Upper Capital, in contrast to Chung-tu, or Central Capital, the contemporary name for Beijing.

After a hasty audit, they uncovered what they claimed to be numerous breaches of the law and began to violently purge the administration of high-ranking Chinese officials. Monkge — facing both a religious conflict between Buddhist and Daoists and a need for allies in conquering the Song Dynasty in Southern China — made peace with Kublai. Kublai held a debate in his new capital in He ultimately declared the Daoists the losers of the debate and punished their leaders by forcefully converting them and their temples to Buddhism and destroying texts.

Mongke launched his campaign against the Song Dynasty and instructed his youngest brother Arik Boke to protect the Mongol capital of Karakorum. Arik Boke gathered troops and held an assembly called a kuriltai in Karakorum, where he was named the Great Khan. As Great Khan, Kublai set his sight on unifying all of China.

Kublai khan biography video of albert

Inhe established his capital at modern-day Beijing and named his empire the Yuan Dynasty — one of several efforts to win over his Chinese subjects. Widespread but uncoordinated uprisings of Nayan's supporters continued until ; these were ruthlessly repressed. The rebel princes' troops were taken from them and redistributed among the imperial family.

Kublai Khan dispatched his grandson Gammala to Burkhan Khaldun in to ensure his claim to Ikh Khorigwhere Genghis was buried, a sacred place strongly protected by the Kublaids. Bayan was in control of Karakorum and was re-establishing control over surrounding areas inso Kublai's rival Kaidu did not attempt any large-scale military action for the next three years.

After his wife Chabi died inKublai began to withdraw from direct contact with his advisers, and he issued instructions through one of his other queens, Nambui. Only two of Kublai's daughters are known by name; he may have had others. Unlike the formidable women of his grandfather's day, Kublai's wives and daughters were an almost invisible presence.

Kublai's original choice of successor was his son Zhenjinwho became the head of the Zhongshu Sheng and actively administered the dynasty according to Confucian fashion. Nomukhan, after returning from captivity in the Golden Hordeexpressed resentment that Zhenjin had been made heir apparent, but he was banished to the north. An kublai khan biography video of albert proposed that Kublai should abdicate in favor of Zhenjin ina suggestion that angered Kublai, who refused to see Zhenjin.

Zhenjin died soon afterward ineight years before his father. Kublai regretted this and remained very close to his wife, Bairam also known as Kokejin. Kublai became increasingly despondent after the deaths of his favorite wife and his chosen heir Zhenjin. The failure of the military campaigns in Vietnam and Japan also haunted him. Kublai turned to food and drink for comfort, became grossly overweight, and suffered gout and diabetes.

The emperor overindulged in alcohol and the traditional meat-rich Mongol diet, which may have contributed to his gout. Kublai sank into depression due to the loss of his family, his poor health, and his advancing age. Kublai tried every medical treatment available, from Korean shamans to Vietnamese doctors, and remedies and medicines, but to no avail.

At the end ofthe emperor refused to participate in the traditional New Year's ceremony. Seeking an old companion to comfort him in his final illness, the palace staff could choose only Bayan, more than 30 years his junior. Kublai weakened steadily, and on 18 Februaryhe died at the age of Kublai first married Tegulen but she died very early.

Then he married Chabi of the Khongiradwho was his most beloved empress. After Chabi's death inKublai married Chabi's young cousin, Nambuipresumably in accordance with Chabi's wish. Kublai was a prolific writer of Chinese poetry, although most of his works are now lost. It was translated into Mongolian by the Inner Mongolian scholar B.

Buyan in the same style as classical Mongolian poetry and transcribed into Cyrillic by Ya. It is said that once in spring Kublai Khan went to worship at a Buddhist temple at the Summer Palace in western Khanbaliq Beijing and on his way back ascended Longevity Hill Tumen Nast Uul in Mongolianwhere he was filled with inspiration and wrote this poem.

I ascended on Fragrant Hill in the friendly season of spring Not discouraged I climbed to the peak and met the Golden Face Flowers shone bright rays and auspicious colors gleamed like a rainbow Incense smoke wafted like mist and a blessed light emanated Raindrops were like bubbles on jade bamboos at the edge of the big rock The blowing wind played a song among the green pines at the mountain pass In front of the Buddha in the temple, I conducted the incense ceremony And on the way back I rode a Blue Dragon in the royal carriage.

Kublai's seizure of power in pushed the Mongol Empire into a new direction. Despite the controversy surrounding his accession, which accelerated the disunity of the Mongols, Kublai's willingness to formalize the Mongol-ruled realm's identification as China [ 8 ] brought the Mongol Empire to international attention. Kublai and his predecessors' conquests were largely kublai khan biography video of albert for re-creating a unified, militarily powerful China.

Following Kublai's enthronement as Khagan - Emperor inproclamation of the dynastic name "Great Yuan" inand conquest of Southern Song inYuan ruled all of China. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Wikidata item.

Mongol Khan and founder of the Yuan dynasty — For other uses, see Kublai disambiguation. For the Khalkha khanate, see Sechen Khan. For the poem, see Kubla Khan. Portrait by artist Aranikodrawn shortly after Kublai's death in Unknown, presumptively Burkhan Khaldun. Tegulen Khatun. Empress Chabi. Empress Nambui. Early years [ edit ]. Victory in northern China [ edit ].

Enthronement and civil war [ edit ]. Main article: Toluid Civil War. Reign [ edit ]. Great Khan of the Mongols [ edit ]. Emperor of the Yuan dynasty [ edit ]. See also: Timeline of the Yuan dynasty. Scientific developments and relations with minorities [ edit ]. Warfare and foreign relations [ edit ]. See also: Kublai Khan's campaignsMongol military tactics and organizationand Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty.

Tibet and Xinjiang [ edit ]. Annexation of Goryeo [ edit ]. See also: Korea under Yuan rule and Mongol invasions of Korea. Further naval expansion [ edit ]. Invasions of Japan [ edit ]. Main article: Mongol invasions of Japan. Invasions of Vietnam [ edit ]. Main article: Mongol invasions of Vietnam. Southeast Asia and South Seas [ edit ]. Europe [ edit ].

Further information: Europeans in Medieval China. Africa [ edit ]. Capital city [ edit ]. Nayan's rebellion [ edit ]. Later years [ edit ]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this message.

Family [ edit ]. See also: Family tree of Genghis Khan. Poetry [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Further information: Religion in the Mongol Empire. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. Cambridge University Press. ISBN Retrieved 18 March Harvard University Press. University of Chicago Press. Pacific Century.

Westview Press. The History of the Mongols. Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. S2CID Retrieved 27 April The Secret History of the Mongol Queens. Marco Polo's China. Archived from the original on 17 June Retrieved 15 November Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol. Siam Heritage Trust: image. Archived PDF from the original on 9 September Retrieved 17 March Tibetan Religions.

China Intercontinental Press. India and China. Anthem Press. Archived from the original on 26 January Greater India. China: Land of Dragons and Emperors. Random House Children's Books. Universal History. Howorth History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 2. Mongol Empire and its legacy. Fair Winds Press. Archived from the original on 27 September Retrieved 18 October The Mongols and Russia.

Pachymeres, Bk 5, ch. Tseyen-Oidov — Ibid, p. A Republic of Nobles. CUP Archive. A History of Russia New, Revised ed. The Medieval Expansion of Europe. Book Sales. Archived from the original on 29 April Archived from the original on 5 June Retrieved 24 May Central Asian Survey. The use of Mint-output data in Historical research on the Western appanages.

Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. Religion and Chinese society. Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 24 August Archived from the original PDF on 4 March Retrieved 3 May Archived from the original on 6 October Archived from the original on 18 March Retrieved 9 May Archived from the original on 4 March Add to Playlist. Born in the vast grasslands of Mongolia, the Mongolian Empire was built by the almost mythical military might of the Mongol Horde.

The only countries within reach of the Horde that they could not conquer was Vietnam and Japan. This documentary focuses on the peak of that empire, the reign of the Great Khan Kubilai. A map has surfaced in Japan, showing the enormous plot of Kubilai. He looked for a united world with no boundaries.