Aryabhatta biography in gujarati language translation

The discovery of zero enabled Aryabhatta to find out the exact distance between the earth and the moon. All rights reserved. Aryabhatta Early Life Aryabhatta — CE was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and astronomy. Given that Nalanda University was located in Pataliputra and had an astronomical observatory, it is possible that Aryabhatta was the head of Nalanda University at that time.

Aryabhatta is also said to have established an observatory at the Sun Temple in Taregana, Bihar. Literary Works of Aryabhatta Aryabhatta wrote several treatises on mathematics and astronomy, some of which have since been lost. Aryabhatiya 5th century AD : It is a detailed text on mathematics and astronomy. The mathematical part of the Aryabhatiya covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, spherical trigonometry, fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines.

Khagol-shastra: The part of Aryabhatiya which deals with astronomy is known as Khagol-shastra. Khagol was the famous astronomical observatory at Nalanda, where Aryabhatta studied. Principle of Rotation: The discovery, recorded in the Aryabhatiya, that the Earth rotates around its own axis from west to east is significant. Without some supporting evidence that these technical terms have been used with these different meanings in other places it would still appear that Aryabhata did indeed give the incorrect formulae for these volumes.

Aryabhata gives a systematic treatment of the position of the planets in space. He believed that the apparent rotation of the heavens was due to the axial rotation of the Earth. This is a quite remarkable view of the nature of the solar system which later commentators could not bring themselves to follow and most changed the text to save Aryabhata from what they thought were stupid errors!

He believes that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, incredibly he believes that the orbits of the planets are ellipses. He correctly explains the causes of eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. The Indian belief up to that time was that eclipses were caused by a demon called Rahu. His value for the length of the year at days 6 hours 12 minutes 30 seconds is an overestimate since the true value is less than days 6 hours.

References show. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. R Behari, Aryabhata as a mathematician, Indian J. History Sci. Calcutta Math. K Elfering, The area of a triangle and the volume of a pyramid as well as the area of a circle and the aryabhatta biography in gujarati language translation of the hemisphere in the mathematics of Aryabhata I, Indian J.

Ganitanand, Some mathematical lapses from Aryabhata to Ramanujan, Ganita Bharati 18 1 - 431 - Education 10 4B 69 -B Education 10 2B 21 -B Education 7B 17 -B P Jha, Aryabhata I : the man and author, Math. Siwan 17 250 - Siwan 16 354 - S Kak, The Aryabhata cipher, Cryptologia 12 2- Allahabad Univ. S N Sen, Aryabhata's mathematics, Bull. India 21- Most historians of astronomy consider that this two-epicycle model reflects elements of pre-Ptolemaic Greek astronomy.

Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically explained by Aryabhata. He states that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight. Instead of the prevailing cosmogony in which eclipses were caused by Rahu and Ketu identified as the pseudo-planetary lunar nodeshe explains eclipses in terms of shadows cast by and falling on Earth.

Thus, the lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon enters into the Earth's shadow verse gola. He discusses at length the size and extent of the Earth's shadow verses gola. Later Indian astronomers improved on the calculations, but Aryabhata's methods provided the core. His computational paradigm was so accurate that 18th-century scientist Guillaume Le Gentilduring a visit to Pondicherry, India, found the Indian computations of the duration of the lunar eclipse of 30 August to be short by 41 seconds, whereas his charts by Tobias Mayer, were long by 68 seconds.

Considered in modern English units of time, Aryabhata calculated the sidereal rotation the rotation of the earth referencing the fixed stars as 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4. Similarly, his value for the length of the sidereal year at days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds As mentioned, Aryabhata advocated an astronomical model in which the Earth turns on its own axis.

Thus, it has been suggested that Aryabhata's calculations were based on an underlying heliocentric model, in which the planets orbit the Sun, [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] though this has been rebutted. Aryabhata's work was of great influence in the Indian astronomical tradition and influenced several neighbouring cultures through translations.

Aryabhatta biography in gujarati language translation

The Arabic translation during the Islamic Golden Age c. Some of his results are cited by Al-Khwarizmi and in the 10th century Al-Biruni stated that Aryabhata's followers believed that the Earth rotated on its axis. His definitions of sine jyacosine kojyaversine utkrama-jyaand inverse sine otkram jya influenced the birth of trigonometry. In fact, the modern terms "sine" and "cosine" are mistranscriptions of the words jya and kojya as introduced by Aryabhata.

As mentioned, they were translated as jiba and kojiba in Arabic and then misunderstood by Gerard of Cremona while translating an Arabic geometry text to Latin. He assumed that jiba was the Arabic word jaibwhich means "fold in a garment", L. Aryabhata's astronomical calculation methods were also very influential. Along with the trigonometric tables, they came to be widely used in the Islamic world and used to compute many Arabic astronomical tables zijes.

In particular, the astronomical tables in the work of the Arabic Spain scientist Al-Zarqali 11th century were translated into Latin as the Tables of Toledo 12th century and remained the most accurate ephemeris used in Europe for centuries. Calendric calculations devised by Aryabhata and his followers have been in continuous use in India for the practical purposes of fixing the Panchangam the Hindu calendar.

In the Islamic world, they formed the basis of the Jalali calendar introduced in CE by a group of astronomers including Omar Khayyam[ 46 ] versions of which modified in are the national calendars in use in Iran and Afghanistan today. The dates of the Jalali calendar are based on actual solar transit, as in Aryabhata and earlier Siddhanta calendars.

This type of calendar requires an ephemeris for calculating dates. Although dates were difficult to compute, seasonal errors were less in the Jalali calendar than in the Gregorian calendar. Aryabhatta Knowledge University AKUPatna has been established by Government of Bihar for the development and management of educational infrastructure related to technical, medical, management and allied professional education in his honour.

The university is governed by Bihar State University Act India's first satellite Aryabhata and the lunar crater Aryabhata are both named in his honour, the Aryabhata satellite also featured on the reverse of the Indian 2-rupee note. The inter-school Aryabhata Maths Competition is also named after him, [ 47 ] as is Bacillus aryabhataa species of bacteria discovered in the stratosphere by ISRO scientists in Contents move to sidebar hide.

Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item. Indian mathematician-astronomer — For other uses, see Aryabhata disambiguation. Main article: Aryabhatiya. Place value system and zero. Motions of the Solar System.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this message. Sterling Dictionary of Physics. Sterling Publishers Private Limited. ISBN Retrieved 15 April Archived from the original on 11 July Retrieved 18 July The Britannica Guide to Numbers and Measurement.

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